# Mutually Exclusive Events: Formula, Examples, Calculation, and More

Mutually exclusive events are the interesting occurrences that cease to exist at the same time. In this article, you will find out how these two or more mutually exclusive events take place in the financial market.

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## What are mutually exclusive events?

Mutually exclusive events are those events that can not take place at the same time. For instance, you can not run backwards and forwards at the same time.

Tossing a coin is another example. You can not expect heads and tails in a single flip or event. Similarly, there are mutually exclusive events in the financial market trading practice.

## Example of mutually exclusive events in trading

A very simple example of mutually exclusive events in financial markets trading can be explained including your budget and the value of different stocks at the same time.

Now, assume you want Stock A, Stock B, Stock C and Stock D in your portfolio. The stocks are shown below in the chart (with market index in black line) as the ones which have increased in value over time.

Assume your budget is $1,000,000. Now, if: • the price of Stock A is$90,000 per share, whereas
• Stock B is priced at $80,000 per share, • Stock C and Stock D are priced at$50,000, per share each

The budget does not allow you to invest in all the stocks since you only have a limited capital to invest. Here, you can either invest in only Stock A or only Stock B. Or, you can invest in both Stock C and Stock D since they are not mutually exclusive.

With Stock A

• Stock A and Stock B - Mutually exclusive
• Stock A and Stock C - Mutually exclusive
• Stock A and Stock D - Mutually exclusive

With Stock B

• Stock B and Stock A - Mutually exclusive
• Stock B and Stock C - Mutually exclusive
• Stock B and Stock D - Mutually exclusive

With Stock C

• Stock C and Stock A - Mutually exclusive
• Stock C and Stock B - Mutually exclusive
• Stock C and Stock D - Not mutually exclusive

With Stock D

• Stock D and Stock A - Mutually exclusive
• Stock D and Stock B - Mutually exclusive
• Stock D and Stock C - Not mutually exclusive

The concept of mutually exclusive investments can also be driven by strategic considerations, where funds are directed toward those stocks that will allow you to most effectively pursue your desired investment.

## Calculating mutually exclusive events

For calculating mutually exclusive events, probability can be used. Probability is considered the most commonly used practice in various fields such as finance, artificial intelligence, game theory, philosophy, etc.

In the case of probability, each mutually exclusive event has a possibility of occurring at least once. For instance, flipping a coin can either end in heads or tails and the probability of each occurring is 0.5 by applying this formula:

P(A) = Total number of favourable outcomes / Total number of possible outcomes

where, P(A) = probability

• Total number of favourable outcomes = 1 (either head or tails)
• Total number of possible outcomes = 2 (head and tails)

So, the Probability of either heads or tails is ½ or 0.5.

Okay, this was a simple explanation of probability. Now, in the case of mutually exclusive events, the probability of one of the events (one or more mutually exclusive events) occurring can be found out.

## Mutually exclusive events in the economy

There can be some mutually exclusive events in the economy such as inflation and deflation. These two economic events can not occur at the same time. And, even if one of them occurs, say, inflation, then further events such as lower interest rates and an increase in the value of the dollar can not take place at the same time.

Therefore, these three events are mutually exclusive events since they can not take place together:

• Inflation
• Lower interest rates
• Increase in dollar value

Similarly, these three are mutually exclusive events and can not take place together:

• Deflation
• Higher interest rates
• Decrease in dollar value

## Difference between mutually exclusive and independent events

Independent events are those which are not interrelated like mutually exclusive events. The table below shows the difference clearly:

 Independent events Mutually exclusive events No relation between two events but they can take place at the same time These two events can not take place at the same time For example, it is a sunny day (one event). I won the chess competition (another event) For example, when you flip a coin, head and tail can not show up at the same time

## Example of an independent event in trading domain

Let us now take an example of an independent event to learn the difference between the two events better with the help of a technical indicator known as Relative strength index or RSI.

Relative strength index RSI is a momentum oscillator to indicate overbought and oversold conditions in the market. It oscillates between 0 and 100 and its values below a certain value, usually, 30 indicate an oversold market while values above another, say 70, indicate overbought conditions.

Typically, a look back period of 14 days is considered for its calculation and can be changed to fit the characteristics of a particular asset or trading style.

Now, increase or decrease of two stocks is completely independent of each other. For instance, with the help of RSI, we have the following two patterns for showing how two different stocks can have different patterns occurring at the same time:

Following is the RSI analysis for AARON:

Following is the RSI analysis for AAREYDRUGS:

In the explanation above, it is clear that the pattern of one stock is completely unrelated to the other and both the patterns can occur at the same time. Hence, for each AARON and AAREYDRUGS, the decisions of entry and exit by the traders are completely independent of others’ patterns.

### Conclusion

Mutually exclusive events may restrict one from investing in two places at the same time but they also help one decide how to diversify the investments for favourable outcomes.

We discussed how a diversified portfolio can be managed according to the budget requirements and how mutually exclusive events are different from independent events.

Did you know that you could use research papers as inspiration to come up with new trading strategies? Quantra's course on Event Driven Trading Strategies helps you create and backtest eight seasonal strategies to capitalize on the anomalies which exist in equities, treasury and volatility markets. Be sure to check it out now!

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